Theory X And Y Theories - 1385 Words

M Indira Ananda 4005168 Individual Assignment Theory X and Y are theories founded by Douglas McGregor, a professor from MIT Sloan School of Management, which are inscribed in his book, â€Å"The Human Side of Enterprise† in 1960. This essay will explain about the theories used in human resources, which according to McGregor are vital in the success of one’s company. Theory X is the theory who assume people to dislike work or just want to work if they received orders from superiors. While the theory Y assumes people love to work and will do the job without waiting for orders from a superior and always wanted to do the best for the manager. Both of these theories describe about motivation of human and role of management behaviour. The theories assemble the factors of production, including human resources for the economic benefit of the firm, organisational communication and organisational development. In this essay we will discuss in detail about theory X and Y, and application to individual and corporate. First is theory X. In theory X, people very lazy to work and just work if they like the job or received commands from their manager and want to earn wage without working to much. The characteristic of theory X can be anti social, does not thank or praise, does not participate, unconcerned about staff welfare, or morale, takes criticism badly and likely to retaliate if from below or peer group. From this result we know that management believes that workers need to beShow MoreRelatedThe Theory X And Theory Y985 Words   |  4 PagesDouglas McGregor, a social psychologist in the 1960’s, developed two theories for workplace employees (Theory X and Theory Y, 1996-2016). Theory X describes employees as unmotivated, irresponsible, they need to be controlled, and they dislike working. Theory Y describes employees as responsible, enthusiastic, motivated, and imaginative. As an employee, not in a Management position, I can say I appreciate a manager who follows the Theory Y descript ion. Since I feel that way as an employee, I will striveRead MoreTheory X, Theory Y1389 Words   |  6 PagesTheory X, Theory Y by Douglas McGregor is a motivation theory. Douglas McGregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called Theory X and Theory Y. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. In his book, The Human Side of Enterprise, he outlined a new role for managers. He stated that managers should assist subordinates in reaching their full potential, rather than commanding and controlling. Theory X is negative and Theory Y canRead MoreTheory X and Y1382 Words   |  6 Pagesdouglas mcgregor - theory x y Douglas McGregor s XY Theory, managing an X Theory boss, and William Ouchi s Theory Z Douglas McGregor, an American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book The Human Side Of Enterprise . Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, Mcgregor s X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positiveRead MoreNursing Administration Theory X, Y and Z978 Words   |  4 PagesTHEORY X, Y AND Z IN NURSING ADMINISTRATION According to Mc Gregor, the traditional manager in a bureaucracy operates on a set of assumptions about human nature and human behaviour, which was called as Theory X. Accordingly, his assumptions are the following: (1) the average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it, if he can, when possible; (2) Because of dislike of a work, most people must be coaxed, controlled, directed, threatened with punishment to get throughRead MoreThe Theory X And Theory Y Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pagessatisfaction from performing their duties well. Such employees are innately motivated (Douglas McGregor: Theory X and Theory Y, 2015). Other employees are never proud of their work. They simply work because they believe that they cannot survive without their jobs. Such employees are externally motivated (they require an outside force to compel them to perform their duties) (Theory X and Theory Y: Understanding Team Member Motivation, 2016). These ideas about employee behavi or and much more have beenRead MoreThe Theory X And Theory Y871 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to the Topic Through reading and studying the textbook and the websites - from the course materials - I have gained greater understanding and appreciation for leadership’s relation to trust, the managerial viewpoints behind Theory X and Theory Y, and the relationship of types of power to leadership within organizational development. The thread will contain three major sections, in which I will define, examine, and analyze the three concepts and evaluate their importance to organizationsRead MoreTheory X and Theory Y2017 Words   |  9 Pages McGregor (1960) described two views on human motivation: Theory X and Y. Theory X, the more conventional one, holds the view that people are in themselves not intrinsically motivated to work and even attempt to avoid it, that people have no ambition, are resistant to change, are not particularly intelligent and that people only work for money and security. Management’s objective is to direct employees efforts, motivating them, controlling them and modifying their behavior to ensure that they behaveRead MoreTheory X and Y901 Words   |  4 Pagesknow that this is sometimes referred to as a theory X approach, and you know that a more participative management approach is called theory Y. However, you have not taken the management course that covers these topics. Using the library and Internet resources, you are to write a 500–750-word research paper that compares theory X to theory Y in terms of management styles. Specifically, you are to include the following requirements: Explain each theory. Create a chart that shows the pros and consRead MoreMcGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y800 Words   |  4 PagesMcGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Introduction Human beings have been studied systematically and objectively for many years to determine if they are resistant to work or self-governing. In addition, managers who tend to utilize McGregor’s Theory X generally receive poor results from their employees. This report essay will address McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y in contrasts to include how these theories benefit the criminal justice system. The sections that will be discussed are: Theory X, Theory Y,Read MoreEssay on Theory X and Theory Y1295 Words   |  6 PagesTheory X and Theory Y, developed by Douglas McGregor, grew out of opposition towards classical management methods. Classical management theorists, such as Fredrick Taylor, focused on scientific training and efficiency and did not account for personal and behavioral issues, such as management styles or job satisfaction. McGregor saw these deficiencies in the classical school of management which lead him to develop a theory of management that would facto r the importance of the individual worker. If

Main Street By Sinclair Lewis Essay Example For Students

Main Street By Sinclair Lewis Essay AnnonymousFor as long as I can remember, Ive loved to read: short stories,fiction, nonfiction sometimes, even philosophy if nothing else wereavailable. This term Ive been given more reading assignments than Ican ever remember having to deal with. This term has been extra specialbecause we studied no less than three types of literature: shortstories, poetry, and drama. While I was in high school, a short story was a book with less thanthree hundred pages. This term I learned that even though a short storymay be only a few pages long, there are chapters of interpretation,ambiguity, and symbolism to understand. In The Lottery by ShirleyJackson, I found a story teeming with so much symbolism that I had toread the story twice before I understood half of it. In Araby byJames Joyce, I learned to look deeper than just the surface of theoriginal wording to find new meanings to the story. Poetry, on the other hand, has been like a curse to me. I felt as if Iwere out of my depth when forced to read it. I could read the words,but comprehension was beyond me. Then, just last week I discoveredpoetry is indeed a foreign language. Ive always picked up languageseasily, I thought. I then knew that all I had to do was translate thedead language of poetry into terms I could understand, then, with ablinding flash, comprehension dawned. E.E. Cummings is really just adirty old man. Carlos Williams is a political activist, and DylanThomas is incredibly grief stricken about the loss of some loved one. The emotions of the poems were almost too overwhelming to deal with. Once I was told that as we evolve, so to does our language. I thoughtmy teacher had been in the sun too long when she told me that. But whenI started reading works by William Shakespear, I found just how rightshe was. The writings of Shakespear also have the added benefit ofbeing like poetry. For me drama is tedious, boring, and too hard tokeep track of. Given the choice of reading Shakespear or getting a newseries of hepatitis shots, I would go for a double series any day. Whenever Im given a reading task, I treat it like a job, something toput up with until Im done. I know differently now. I wonder how muchI have missed thinking in such a way. From now on, I know that I willsee it differently. Already with new eyes I see short stories and poemsdifferently. Drama, however, will always be viewed as a painful task.

My Motivational Touchstone free essay sample

I once spoke to a very well educated man whom I had never met before, have only spoken to him on the phone and found that he gave me some compelling thoughts that would change my life forever, He gave me courage and conviction that hopefully will make me whole again as a person. I am coming to the conclusion that I am writing a letter to myself and will be my personal motivational journal and success within myself. I could write for hours, days and weeks and tell a never ending story; however I must begin somewhere and end somewhere. My life of failure and true disappointments has been what I would call an educational disaster. I believe in the foundations of education, the roots of learning which stems from the roots of your soul and the passion in which you strive for. I pray for success and courage that I will make it. We will write a custom essay sample on My Motivational Touchstone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I want to do my best and like Florence Chadwick when she swam in the mighty ocean, she never saw the bottom, she only saw the shore line and sometimes that was even difficult, but with motivation, determination and most of all strength, she braved the darkest hours as well as the shining moments. Her arms and legs may have given out, but it certainly was her heart that did not quit. I will be brave in my mind, for I do not want my mental diseases to take over my heart and make me a quitter again. I have PTSD, and I have come up with an anagram for the 4 letters, Positive Thinking Shall Develop. This will be one of my motivation words that I will put by my mirror to make me smile and strive for that tassel of hope. I feel these two quotes represent my personality, the standards in which I live by and most of all, that I feel is motivation for me because it inspired me for two reasons, number one is education. I will find solace in knowing I have found my calling in health psychology with a concentration in PTSD and emotional, mental as well a physical abuse. (This happened to me). We cannot live better than in seeking to become better. † ? Socrates The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet. Aristotle The above quotes will forever be my shore line and the sand will never be rocky, only perfect with beautiful sea shells.

Sweet essays

Sweet essays I chose the book Hard Love by Ellen Wittlinger because Ive always heard my friend Chanel always saying something about it; like how good it was and how everyone seemed to be asking her if they should read it or not. So, it finally became my turn to ask her. And I decided to ask Chanel because I kept asking Lexie, and I thought it was time for her to take a break from recommending me books. The book is excellent so far, and Im glad Im reading it because this girl is giving this guy some writing tips, similar to the ones Mr. K is teaching us in class. And since we do have 5 writing pieces due this term, its like helping me out with my own writing. And you can never get enough help. But whats even better, is that there are actually pieces from these zing magazines in the book, giving you different types of writing. One I really liked was that there werent really any periods, just once in a while, and it was really caught my attention because you kind of had to guess where the periods went and it would confuse you. It was actually kind of fun! In the book, the guys life is practically falling apart; his moms getting married to some fifty-year old who still lives with his mom, and the guys mom just doesnt seem to want to be with him or even near him. But thats only half of it. Him and his dad dont even talk. And when they do, his father doesnt event think he can handle it, when really hes always been able to handle it. Just imagine, you meaning nothing to your parents except a brat that they have to support, as if you were a mistake. You would feel so alone, so lost, as if you had nothing to live for and you would do anything just to be loved again. You beg that you could have the one special moment again, where you felt that you were part of the family again and you were loved. So I think that the theme is letting it slip. Many kids, especially ...

Should Ireland legalise marijuana Research Paper

Should Ireland legalise marijuana - Research Paper Example Moreover, comparing the drug use and consumption in both Ireland and Colorado is imperative for further development and understanding of the issue. Regarding the drug consumption and possession, the law forbids the use of marijuana in Portugal. In the country, the illicit use of marijuana increased from 7.8% in a lifetime to 12%. However, when carrying out the study in 2012 (Kilmer, 2013), the use of the drug among teenagers had greatly decreased. It is vital to note that the overall consumption of the drug increased by 4.1% since the year 2001 (Kilmer, 2013). Going through the same issue in Ireland, one recognizes that people in the country are avid users of the substance. A poll carried out in the year 1998 showed that 24% of all the citizens in the country supported the act that sought to legalize the use of marijuana in the country. In contemporary research carried out, 39% of adults in Ireland are for the legalization of marijuana that is a huge increase (Murphy, 2008). With the information, it is important to compare this with the manner through which Colorado discusses the issue of marijuana smoking. According to the United States’ records, there are two different sides to the use marijuana in Colorado, as opposed to Ireland. In Ireland, the government does not seek to identify any  marijuana  legalization be it medicinal or recreational. It has all uses of bhang banned. However, in Colorado, the state government recognizes that there are two types of marijuana in the United States. This is medicinal and recreational. On November of the year 2000, people of Colorado went to the poll to determine the people that were for the legalization of marijuana. In the poll, 54% of these people approved the amendment of section 20 of the state’s constitution (Toney, 2012). However, the legalization of this commodity was only for medicinal purposes. However, with regard to the use of regular or rather recreational marijuana, this was banned

Human Learning and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Human Learning and Development - Essay Example until Sigmund Freud developed his psychodynamic perspective. In the present essay, I would like to focus on the newer theories of human cognitive progress, which are: Albert Bandura’s behaviorist approach, Erik Erikson’s psycho-social theory, Jean Piaget’s cognitive perspective, Roger’s humanistic study. It needs to be noted that the ideas of Enlightenment philosophers to great extent correlate with modern developmental searches. The ideas of social education (or, more precisely, education-in-environment ) were articulated in earlier Rousseau’s writings : †All children are perfectly designed organisms, ready to learn from their surroundings so as to grow into virtuous adults. But, due to the malign influence of corrupt society, they often fail to do so† (Astington et al, 1988, p.56). The most effective path of child education was the removal of the child from â€Å"from society (i.e., to a country home) and alternately conditioning him through changes to environment and setting traps and puzzles for him to solve or overcome† (ibid, p.57). Albert Bandura and the other foundators of behaviorism took this idea for their developmental theory. The Social Learning (ibid) approach focuses on the roles of enviromnet and the influences of social on life-span development. From this viewpoint, learning is almost the same as development, as it involves new experiences and activizes them. Human personality and thoughts are a result of experiences the individual faces, so Bandura and Skinner hold that human-being is a product of environment (Gopnik, 1990). Furthermore, Bandura also optimized educational model and adjusted it to behaviorist approach. Operant conditioning, which includes punishment and reinforcement, is considered the most applicable in present-day school settings, as its modus operandi is quite simple and effective in terms of dealing with 6-8-year-old children. Briefly, positive

Shrek Media Essay Example for Free

Shrek Media Essay Handsome princes and beautiful princess are things you expect to see in a fairytale. Shrek is a huge exception; it is not your average traditional fairytale. The things that make it unlike any other fairytale are its unique characters, the plot, language and music. Shrek includes plenty of familiar fairy tale faces popping up along the way and even more humour. In this essay I will be discussing how the makers of Shrek use presentational devices to reverse and represent the traditional fairytale. Firstly, the main character of this fairytale is an ogre, Shrek. Shrek, however, is not the usual ugly, smelly, cruel, threatening ogre. Although he may be ugly, and even a bit smelly he is kind, sensitive and has a heart of gold. He is simply misunderstood. The makers of Shrek manage to make Shrek sympathetic and easy to warm to. We see that Shrek is actually lonely and no one will give him a chance because he is ugly and they assume he is this horrendous creature. Another example is Princess Fiona. The usual fairytale princess is beautiful, sweet, kind and gentle. This princess is strong and feisty. Shes assertive and perfectly capable of fighting her own battles. Princesses hang around and wait to be saved, and then let things be done for them. Princess Fiona makes it clear that she is perfectly manageable. Lord Farquaad is another example. A conventional Prince/King is tall, handsome, heroic and kind. This is everything Lord Farquaad isnt, he is lacking in height, scheming and not at all heroic. These characters all go against what a traditional fairy tale would. This is one type of role reversal in the film. Shrek follows a the story of an large but friendly ogre who only wants to lead a peaceful life except he cant because his swamp has been filled with fairy tale creatures that have been banished to there by the short and cruel Lord Farquaad. In order to have all the creatures back where they belong, Shrek must rescue a beautiful young princess who shall become Farquaads bride; in order for him to own the whole kingdom. Shrek agrees to do so, and pairs up with Donkey, a witty mule who talks too much, to complete the quest. All goes well until Shrek begins to fall in love with Princess Fiona. The princess herself turns out to have many hidden talents and secrets. The narrative in itself tells us that this is different from an ordinary fairy tale but also things like exaggeration, incongruity and role reversal tell us this. In the opening scene Shrek is brushing his teeth, he smiles into the mirror and it cracks, he farts in the pond and a dead fish floats up, these are examples of exaggeration.. The language used is not suitable for fairytales, modern language is used and even though there are no rude words actually said, you know they were about to before an interruption. For instance in the opening scene where Shrek flushes the toilet at the same time that he says the word. Parodies make fun of another piece of art by mocking it. The parody is an imitation of the original, but exaggerating it, showing cliches which have been used, to make the original look ridiculous. The scene where Lord Farquaad has to pick which princess he would like to marry via selections put forth by a stolen Magic Mirror is a reference to Dating Game. In one scene, Fiona sings to the birds and accidentally kills one by singing in an extremely high-pitched tone. This is a parody of Disney princesses, who are often shown singing with woodland creatures such as birds. In Shreks swamp, when all the fairytale creatures are there, Papa Bear and Baby Bear are present, and later on we see that she has been turned into a rug. Throughout Shrek, the music is modern rock/pop. The songs used are to be easily recognised by most people. All these things help make Shrek unique, but the computer animations contribute towards the freedom of the cartoons. They are able to anything, therefore imagination and creativity is used well to take advantage of this. In the scene that Shrek, Fiona and Donkey bump into Robin Hood and his men in the woods role reversal is used. Instead of Shrek fighting off the merry men it is Fiona who does all the fighting single-handed. This is also exaggeration, as she takes on all of the men alone. Fiona jumps into the air and freezes in place; the camera hovers around her, giving her time to adjust her hair, before she finishes off two attackers in normal time. This is a reference to the movie The Matrix. This is also an example of incongruity. In this scene, Friar Tuck plays the accordion. When Robin Hood attempts to rescue Princess Fiona the background music changes to a fast jig. When Friar Tuck is knocked out the background music stops immediately. The camera looks down on the merry men from above where Fiona is stood, making them seem smaller and weaker. In conclusion, I think that the makers of Shrek used presentational devises well to reverse the traditional fairytale. Shrek is like the modern day fairytale. It is made unique because the usual stereotypes are reversed; the music is modern, as is the language. Although it is very different from other fairytales it still falls in the category and ends with the familiar happily ever after.